Dumbuya and former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, was foiled. . It is estimated that there will be a 30% to 40% cost reduction on solar products with the lack of duties and taxes. Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. The neighbouring countries include Guinea which borders it to the North east and Liberia to its South East. Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. It has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but participated in the 1994 and 1996 African Cup of Nations. The three districts of the North West Province are: Sierra Leones Western Area is the only region in the country to not have an international border. This means that no airline registered in Sierra Leone may operate services of any kind within the European Union. The current president is Julius Maada Bio. The situation in the country deteriorated to such an extent that British troops were deployed in Operation Palliser, originally simply to evacuate foreign nationals. [155], As of 2016, about 12% of the population of Sierra Leone had access to electricity. Bo was then the capital of the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone until the country gained independence in 1961. With a new decentralisation policy, embodied in the Local Government Act of 2004, responsibility for water supply in areas outside the capital was passed from the central government to local councils. Sir Albert's leadership was briefly challenged by Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert's succession to the SLPP leadership position. What Are The Biggest Industries In Sierra Leone? Odelay mask by Temne people. The city was established by Lieutenant John Clarkson, African American ex-slaves and free people known as the Nova Scotian Settlers on March 11th, 1792, making Freetown the oldest capital created by African Americans. We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . Corporal Sankoh was convicted and jailed for seven years at the Pademba Road Prison in Freetown. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. The Creoles, a descendant from the Nova Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives. This environment protected its people from conquest by the Mandinka and other African empires,[30][31] and limited the influence of the Mali Empire. [150] Rice is the most important staple crop in Sierra Leone with 85 per cent of farmers cultivating rice during the rainy season[151] and an annual consumption of 76kg per person.[152]. The Limba are about 60% Christian and 40% Muslims. Law enforcement in Sierra Leone is primarily the responsibility of the Sierra Leone Police (SLP), which is accountable to the Minister of Internal Affairs (appointed by the president). As of 19 October 2014, there had been 3,706 cases of Ebola in Sierra Leone, and 1,259 deaths, including that of the leading physician trying to control the outbreak, Sheik Umar Khan. Makeni is also the fourth largest city in the country. Karefa-Smart led a prominent small minority faction within the SLPP party in opposition of Albert Margai as Prime Minister. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. Sir Milton Margai became Sierra Leone's first prime minister. The coastal swamp region extends along the Atlantic for about 200 miles (320 km). [157] A 2012 study was done on the correlation between Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and burning biomass fuels in the home. [62] Fourah Bay College soon became a magnet for Sierra Leone Creoles and other Africans seeking higher education in British West Africa. There are four districts in the Northern Province: The Southern Province of Sierra Leone has the most coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Sir Albert was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favour of his own Mende ethnic group. President Momoh appointed his former military colleague and key ally, Major General Mohamed Tarawalie to succeed him as the head of the Sierra Leone Military. Sankoh was a British trained former army corporal who had also undergone guerrilla training in Libya. According to an Overseas Development Institute report, private health expenditure accounts for 85.7% of total spending on health. Located in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone is Kenema which is also the biggest city in the province and the third largest city in the country. [258] Among newspaper readership, young people are likely to read newspapers weekly and older people daily. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. There is also a supply of natural resources such as gold, aluminum, and bauxite, which also contribute to the local economy. The Temne are said to have migrated from Futa Jallon, which is in present-day Guinea. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. [81], On 18 April 1968 a group of low ranking soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army who called themselves the Anti-Corruption Revolutionary Movement (ACRM), led by Brigadier General John Amadu Bangura, overthrew the NRC junta. Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. [39] However, on the voyage between Plymouth, England and Sierra Leone, seventy European girlfriends and wives accompanied the Black Poor settlers. They designated chiefs as units of local government, rather than dealing with them individually as had been the previous practice. Steven was later freed and fled the country; went into exile in neighbouring Guinea. [60], In the early 19th century, Freetown served as the residence of the British colonial governor of the region, who also administered the Gold Coast (now Ghana) and the Gambia settlements. Some of that is smuggled, where it is possibly used for money laundering or financing illicit activities. Turay, a key loyalist of ousted president Momoh. It also has one of the lowest population densities in the country with just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census. The Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) won a plurality of seats in parliament, and Milton Margai was re-elected as prime minister. The capital of this province is the city of Bo, and the largest ethnic group is the Mende ethnic group. [210] Males, on the other hand, presented higher levels of anxiety and hostility. The Kuranko are believed to have begun arriving in Sierra Leone from Guinea in about 1600 and settled in the north, particularly in Koinadugu District. Oftentimes the documentation would be overwhelmingly subjective and would result in inaccurate entries, making them difficult to track. In April 2010, the SLBS merged with the United Nations peacekeeping radio station in Sierra Leone to form the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation,[246][247] the government-owned current national broadcaster in Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leone Islamic Supreme Council is the highest Islamic religious organisation in Sierra Leone and is made up of the country's Imams, Islamic scholars, and other Islamic clerics across the country. In October 2000, a UN-approved certification system for exporting diamonds from the country was put in place and led to a dramatic increase in legal exports. The British were the catalyst for the ceasefire that ended the civil war. The city is the main economic center of the province. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power. Islam and Christianity are the two main religions in the country. The Eastern Province is the center of the countrys diamond mining industry. Just like Freetown, Bo has an ethnically diverse population but is home to the Mende people, and the primary language is the Krio language. Explanation: Boundaries of districts and chiefdoms according to the administrative reorganization of 2017. Loggers have extended their operations to Nimini, Kono District, Eastern Province; Jui, Western Rural District, Western Area; Loma Mountains National Park, Koinadougu, Northern Province; and with plans to start operations in the Kambui Forest reserve in the Kenema District, Eastern Province. [174] "Pandebu-Tokpombu" is presumably the extended town of Torgbonbu, which had a population of 10,716 in the 2004 census. The airport has paved runways longer than 3,047 metres (9,997 feet). [54] The Liberated Africans eventually modified their customs to adopt those of the Nova Scotians, Maroons and Europeans, yet kept some of their ethnic traditions. Some of Sierra Leonean international footballers include Mohamed Kallon, Mohamed Bangura, Rodney Strasser, Kei Kamara, Ibrahim Teteh Bangura, Mustapha Dumbuya, Christian Caulker, Alhassan Bangura, Sheriff Suma, Osman Kakay, Mohamed Kamara, Umaru Bangura and Julius Gibrilla Woobay. It borders the country of Guinea as well as three other provinces in Sierra Leone. During the 19th century, freed African Americans, some Americo Liberian "refugees", and particularly Afro-Caribbeans, mainly Jamaican Maroons, also immigrated and settled in Freetown. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. No style is the best. [209] Females can take over the household head if they become widowed or divorced. The AWC- Aberdeen Women's Centre in Freetown, the second busiest hospital in Sierra Leone, delivering up to 3000 babies each year. A one-party parliamentary election between APC members was held in May 1986. There are also other popular beaches like the world renowned River Number 2 Beach, Laka Beach, Tokeh Beach, Bureh Beach, and Mama Beach. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is subdivided into four regions which are the Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western Provinces which are further subdivided into 14 districts. The districts are further divided into chiefdoms. Inland from the coastal plain is the interior plains region. The city is governed by an elected city council and is headed by a Mayor. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. Recently there has been an increase of Pentecostal churches, especially in Freetown. President Momoh's strong links with the army and his verbal attacks on corruption earned him much-needed initial support among Sierra Leoneans. Just like Freetown and Bo, Kenema is home to an ethnically diverse population whose main dialect is the Krio language. Waterloo is a major urban transport hub and lies on the . The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. [103] As a result of migration to cities, the population is becoming more urban with an estimated rate of urbanisation growth of 2.9% a year. On 5 July 1994 SAJ Musa, who was popular among the general population, particularly in Freetown, was arrested and sent into exile after he was accused of planning a coup to topple Strasser, an accusation SAJ Musa denied. [235], The water supply in Sierra Leone is characterised by limited access to safe drinking water. Following the American Revolution, more than 3,000 Black Loyalists had also been settled in Nova Scotia, where they were finally granted land. Falaba District Falaba District is a district in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Those with access in rural areas were served almost exclusively by protected wells. The coastal swamp region extends along the . Poyo bars are areas of lively informal debate about politics, football, basketball, entertainment and other issues. The Limba are primarily found in Northern Sierra Leone, particularly in Bombali, Kambia and Koinadugu District. In May 2002, Kabbah was re-elected president by a landslide. [121] Sierra Leone is a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). There was great suspicion that president Momoh was not serious about his promise of political reform, as APC rule continued to be increasingly marked by abuses of power. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90.2 (2012): 120-127F. 2020-02-06 Bumbuna is a town in the central of Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. President Kabbah took power with a great promise of ending the civil war. [218], A dialysis machine, the first of its kind in the country, was donated by Israel.[219]. Before 2017, this province included the area that is now the North West Province of Sierra Leone. The national capital Freetown, which makes up the Western Area Urban District, and the other is the Western Area Rural with a main town known as Waterloo, is governed by a directly elected city council headed by a mayor. Sierra Leone's former defense minister Alfred Paolo Conteh is an ethnic Limba. Margai employed a brokerage style of politics, by sharing political power among political parties and interest groups; especially the involvement of powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, most of whom were key allies of his government. The British administration favoured a policy of indirect rule whereby they relied on slightly reorganized indigenous institutions to implement colonial policies and maintain order. The Sierra Leonean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation is responsible for foreign policy of Sierra Leone. The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[257]. [159], In conjunction with the UK's Department for International Development (DFID), Sierra Leone has set the goal to provide solar power to all of its citizens by 2025. Below you can find a map of Sierra Leone provinces: Sierra Leone is divided into five units as the highest level administrative division. Sierra Leone developed as the educational centre of British West Africa. However, no presidential candidate won the 50% plus one vote majority stipulated in the constitution on the first round of voting. On 16 January 1996, after about four years in power, Strasser was arrested in a palace coup staged by his fellow NPRC soldiers led by Brigadier Bio at the Defence Headquarters in Freetown. [157] The burning of these sources has been reported to have adverse health effects on women and children. Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. [68] A notable event in 1935 was the granting of a monopoly on mineral mining to the Sierra Leone Selection Trust, run by De Beers. Sierra Leone's Freetown is a favourite destination for tourists. He, like Bai Bureh, resisted the British. These problems became so severe that the SLPP boycotted the 1973 general election; as a result the APC won 84 of the 85 elected seats.[85]. [189][190][191][192][193] Other Christian Protestant denominations with significant presence in the country include Presbyterians,[194] Baptists,[195] Seventh-day Adventists[196] Anglicans,[197] Lutherans,[198][199] and Pentecostals. Several prominent members of the Momoh government who had been in detention at the Pa Demba Road prison, including former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, were also executed.[91]. [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. In other words, the population of Sierra Leone has grown almost three and half times it was in 1963 (2,180,355). [209], Children who have been forced to be part of a war have experienced severe mental and emotional damage in Sierra Leone. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. 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