November 20, 2017. Delivered Monday-Friday. At independence, a plebiscite was held, and voters in Southern Cameroons opted to join Cameroon as a constituent state of a federal republic. A few weeks later, Britain and France issued a statement known as the Simon-Milner Declaration, delineating the frontiers between the British Cameroons and French Cameroon. Cameroon Bank, West Cameroon Marketing Board, WADA in Wum, West Cameroon Cooperative Movement. The country split from Sudan in 2011 and remains the African continent's youngest country. [19], Flag of Equatorial State. Other major cities in the subregion include Mogadishu in Somalia, and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Representatives can either be party affiliated or independent and are elected during national and state elections (which are similar to the U.S. midterm election and takes place every two years, in the middle of a presidential term), The State Council is responsible for the check and balances of the State Government and its leaders. The Southern Cameroonians whom I brought into the Union have been ridiculed and referred to as "les Biafrians" (Biafrans), "les enemies dans la maison" (enemies within the house), "les traitres' (traitors), etc., and the constitutional provisions which protected this Southern Cameroonian minority have been suppressed, their voices drowned while the rule of the gun has replaced the dialogue which Southern Cameroonians cherish very much. The 10 Anglophone separatists, who call their country Ambazonia, were among the 47 Anglophone Cameroonians arrested in Nigeria in January 2018. . FRA/1231/22 THE PRESIDENT'S END OF YEAR ADDRESS TO THE NATION, (31 December 2022) Address: 11207A Lockwood Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901, Phone Number: (301) 593-4879 The English speaking region was then given two options by the UN; either to join Nigeria or Cameroon as a federation. Britain established Ambas Bay Protectorate in 1884 with Victoria as its capital. You may opt out at any time. The Cameroonian government is seeking to implement a 1996 law it refused to enact for over two decades. Legally, maybe we can talk about secession or separation., In 1984, President Paul Biya changed the status of the country from United Republic of Cameroon to Republic of Cameroon, Read more:Soldiers in Cameroon shoot dead several independence activists. The self-declared state borders Cameroon to the east, Nigeria to the west and north and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Flying bird stands for Freedom, wisdom and protection). Blue stands for the Meme River and Liberty. Most of Ambazonia has a tropical monsoon climate, with the coastal plain containing some of the rainiest places in the world (such as the village of Debundscha). African news. [38][39] Due to harassment and arrests by the government, many leaders of he SCNC and other organizations fled the country. [35][36], Flag of Kupe-Manenguba. The Ambazonian leader narrated a story of how security officials shot dead a five-year-old child at a checkpoint in southern Cameroon. Weekly update on whats driving U.S. national security policy. However, in the 1880s, the Scramble for Africa reached full swing with European powers rushing to gain diplomatic or military control over Africa to secure colonial claims. }; The Ambazonia Defense Forces see the Biafra-Ambazonia alliance as a critical outlet to end rising Fulani-led attacks. }); The claimed territory formerly was known as the British Southern Cameroons (West Cameroon). It took only a short while, however, for complaints to emerge. [17] This was a violation of the 1961 constitution which stated that the form of the state should never be discussed, Henry Baaboh added. This February, in an unprecedented surge of attacks, armed Fulani raided 18 villages in Nwa subdivision, killing at least 17 people and displacing 4,200 local residents. } Jonathan Pershing, formerly the Biden administrations No. Yellow stands for Justice and prosperity. Mountains stands for the Two peaks of mount Fako (Mount Cameroon), determination and leadership. Symbolism (Black stands for the People and Culture. [43] Although the government established a Commission to focus on Anglophone grievances and took steps to address issues of language equity in courts and schools, continued distrust and harsh responses to protests prevented significant deescalation. if (DWDE.dsgvo.isStoringCookiesOkay()) { Most recently, in early April, armed gunmen attacked a prison in Imo state, situated in the Biafra region, and aided in the escape of nearly 2,000 prisoners. [11][12] Other sources may also refer to "Southern Cameroons", "Anglophone Cameroon" or "Cameroon's Anglophone regions". Business Name: OverReacher Empire Corporation The flagpole of the State Flag must always be higher than the flagpole of the county flag. Golden bird stands for the Value, determination and freedom). It is bordered by Nigeria to the northwest; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; the Republic of the Congo to the southeast; Gabon and Equatorial Guinea to the south; and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. 1134/2002, U.N. Doc. This list is courtesy of OPEC's monthly oil report. The mountains stand for Mount Kupe and Mount Manenguba and the determination to succeed. Welcome to the self-proclaimed Federal Republic of Ambazonia (Southern Cameroons); a virtual country of many sins. [27], Flag of Boyo. Modern Peanuts of Cameroon: Selling with style. German explorer Gustav Nachtigal signed key treaties with several prominent kings. Armed alliance between IPOB, Ambazonia could destabilise West and Central Africa; Daniel admitted in an interview with Foreign Policy that the alliance could destabilise West and Central Africa, with Nigeria being the largest economy in West Africa, and Cameroon, one of the major countries in Central Africa. Cameroonian President Paul Biya does not want anything. Daniel, the Ambazonian deputy defense chief, acknowledged the potential regional impact of the alliance but said that after almost five years of low-level armed conflict in Cameroon, there was no other choice. FPs Winter 2023 print issue brings together 12 experts to help us answer those questions. From the mid-1980s, the break between the Southern Cameroon elites and the Francophone-dominated central government became increasingly apparent. Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country with a population of over 25 million ( 2019 ). They stretch from the South along the border of Cameroon to the North where they go to the highlands of Bamenda. They are identified as "Foncha-man" and put aside. Red Star stands for Strength, bloodshed, bravery and leadership). Essential analysis of the stories shaping geopolitics on the continent. The Sun stands for a new era. The name is derived from Ambas Bay, the bay at the territory's sea coast directly facing the Equatoguinean Island of Bioko. [26] In July 1961, the Southern Cameroons and the French Cameroon Republic delegations met in Foumban, a town in French Cameroon near the border with Southern Cameroons. The flags also represent the traditional colours of the Mezam cultural wear (traditional clothes)). [4], Each of the three states are entitled to a flag and an, a sign of their importance within the federation and their culture. In 1858, the British missionary Alfred Today, pro-Biafra activists use incendiary language, referring to the Fulani as terrorists, to incite violence. Just over the border, armed separatist groups are fighting to carve out Cameroons English-speaking Northwest and Southwest regions into a breakaway state called Ambazonia. The government of 83-year-old President Paul Biya has showed no signsto compromise. Growth rate, median age, fertility rate, area, density, population density, urbanization, urban population, share of world population. In 1990, opposition political parties were legalized and John Ngu Foncha, the leading Anglophone in Cameroon's government, resigned from the governing party and encapsulated much of the dissatisfaction with the central government's attitude toward the Anglophone regions in his public resignation letter: [I]t became clear to me that I had become an irrelevant nuisance that had to be ignored and ridiculed. From Nigeria's Biafra to Cameroon's Ambazonian, and Ethiopia's Tigray, the daily heightened tensions show that many African . Blue stands for the Sky, the Ocean and Liberty. In October 2017, English-speaking separatists declared a breakaway state known as "Ambazonia". Red disk stands for the Blood and strength of the people. Business Insider and the Africa Collective initiative it supports presents the top 5 oil producing countries in Africa for December 2022. The Interim Government of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia represents the People of the Former British Southern Cameroons and their aspirations as declared on 1st of October 2017: To restore their Independence, which was voted for, on 11 February 1961 and endorsed by United Nations General Assembly in Resolution 1608 (XV) of 21 April 1961. The term "Ambazonia" is derived from the word Ambozes, the local name for the bay area at the mouth of the Wouri (now Douala) river. The separatist group, however, stated that there would not be peace in the sub-Saharan region of Africa until Biafra and Ambazonia agitators in Nigeria and Cameroon respectively get their . Immigration officers walk on a bridge built in 1948 that connects Nigeria with Cameroon at Mfum border station in Cross Rivers State, southeast Nigeria on February 1, 2018. Observers have previously suggested that the Cameroonian government has rerouted U.S.-origin military equipment and U.S.-trained military personnel from the fight against Boko Haram in Cameroons Far North region to the Anglophone conflict in the Northwest and Southwest regionsand in 2019, the U.S. government reduced military spending to Cameroon over human rights abuses. [31], Flag of Manyu.Symbolism (Green stands for the growth. So this is very big for our cause, in our fight against these Fulani, particularly those who are coming in from Nigeria.. The bay which is located in southwestern Cameroon is considered as the boundary between Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon. By late 2017, with dialogue efforts moribund and violence continuing on both sides, the leading Ambazonian nationalist movements organized the umbrella organization Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front (SCACUF). Golden Star stands for Leadership, unity and prosperity). China, Russia are 'destabilizing' Africa, warns . 'Desertions from army' [31] They have additionally argued that the new constitution was legally invalid since changes to the 1961 Constitution required approval from a majority of members of the Federal Assembly (legislature) and from each of the two constituent states, and that the new constitution was never approved by a majority of West Cameroonian legislators. [41] The violence led to additional demonstrations, general strikes (called "lockdowns"), and further crackdowns by the government into early 2017, including the banning of civil society organizations, cutting off phone and internet connections from January to April,[42] and arrests of demonstrators. Calls for secession are growing and an Anglophone separatist movement in the south-west and north-w. [54] Sako resisted, leading to the 2019 Ambazonian leadership crisis. White flower stands for Purity, innocence, peace, respect and hope. Accordingto lawyer Henry Baaboh, Southern Cameroons or Ambazonia does not need to fight for independence because it already attained it in 1961. This adds to the volatility engulfing Cameroon as the country gears up for a presidential election in 2018. The panelists included Anne Richards, CEO of Fidelity International; Carmine Di Sibio, CEO of Ernst & Young; Mathias Miedreich, CEO of Umicore; and Lubna S. Olayan, chair of the executive committee of Olayan Financing Company. [17] The districts are made up of tribal territories run by Chiefs, Fon etc or villages. [17], As the Thirteen counties are represented on the national flag (as stars), to represent their importance in the nation and in the fight for the struggle, each county is entitled to its own flag and emblem. Cameroon's anglophone minority has long complained of discrimination at the hands of the French-speaking majority. A county may secede from a state and become a state or join another state based on a referendum that supports it. II, at 194 (HRC 2005)", "The All Anglophone Conference (April 23, 1993)", "Cameroon teachers, lawyers strike in battle for English", "Cameroon restores internet to English-speaking region", "A Turn for the Worse: Violence and Human Rights Violations in Anglophone Cameroon", "Southern Cameroons gets new government with Sessekou Ayuk Tabe as Interim President", "Cameroon government 'declares war' on secessionist rebels", "Cameroon's English-speakers call for independence", "Biya declares war on Anglophone separatists The SUN Newspaper, Cameroon", "Cameroon escalates military crackdown on Anglophone separatists", Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: Red Dragons and Tigers the rebels fighting for independence, Just In-Dr Samuel Ikome Sako Is New Acting Interim President of The Federal Republic of Ambazonia, "Just In-Dr Samuel Ikome Sako Is New Acting Interim President of The 'Federal Republic of Ambazonia' Cameroon News Agency", "Cameroon: Separatist leader and followers handed life sentences | DW | 20.08.2019", "Ambazonia Leader Sisiku Ayuktabe Dissolves Sako Caretaker Government, Re-installs Own Cabinet", "UN Security Council to Discuss Cameroon's Escalating Crisis", "Cameroon: UN Security Council to discuss Anglophone crisis", "Caught in the middle: Peace activists in Cameroon try to end a brutal war", "HRW World Report 2020: Rights Trends in Cameroon", "U.S. Reduces Military Aid to Cameroon Over Human Rights Abuses", Cameroon: I spent a week embedded with Anglophone armed separatists, "Wettest Places on Earth by Annual Rainfall", "Present and future Kppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambazonia&oldid=1134346804, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 06:41. Delivered Wednesday. n.push = n; Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the land. A Biafra-Ambazonia weapons exchange will bolster the Anglophone separatist movement. Symbolism (White stands for Purity, innocence, peace. There are protected areas like the Korup National Park[62] or the Takamanda National Park. The golden sun stands for a new era, hope, wealth and prosperity. Jonathan Pershing, formerly the Biden administrations No. )[20] and analysing the economic, environmental and educational land scape of a territory. Midland State Counties (demonym;Midlanda): Flag of Lebialem County. 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); Prince Ojong. [37], Cameroon: Confusion as detained Ambazonia leader impeached by peers, "Cameroon: Regions, Major Cities & Towns Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information", Cameroons Anglophone separatists have created their own cryptocurrency, "Cameroon Head of State's Message to the Nation 2019", "Cameroon Humanitarian Response Plan (March 2021)", Ambazonia War drowns SDF 28th Anniversary, "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis is threatening to spin out of control", "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: The imminent brink of war", "President cracks down on, shuts Anglophone universities", "Cameroon continues its oppression of English speakers", Separatist Welcome Biyas Military Option, Say They Are Ready, "Three Indicted for Involvement in Violent Crisis in Cameroon", "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: Red Dragons and Tigers", https://www.ambazoniagov.org/index.php/about-us/who-we-are, "Cameroon Separatists Enforce Curfew After President Says Troops Crushing Rebellion", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=States_of_Ambazonia&oldid=1134368978, Ambazonian or Ambalander or Southern Cameroonians, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 09:56. De facto, Buea is the capital. This African country is the second oldest democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Ghana and has access to natural wharfs on her Atlantic shore overlooked by the grandeur of the highest mountain peak in West Africa. The referendum was held on 20 May 1972 and in the one-party state, the outcome was never in doubt. Even so, a further exacerbation of ethnic tensions involving the Fulani in Cameroon is likely to have a ripple effect across the region. [13][14], As of 2020, during an end-of-year speech, the interim government, headed by President Samuel Ikome Sako proposed the division of the formerly northwest and southwest regions into three autonomous states: Equatorial, Midland and Savannah. Help us answer those questions and in the subregion include Mogadishu in,! Board, WADA in Wum, West Cameroon Cooperative Movement demonym ; Midlanda ) Flag. Fight for independence because it already attained it in 1961 President Paul Biya has showed signsto... 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