2023; 12(2):274. Watershed managers can bring improvement to the water environment via the developed patterns between socio-economic variables, topographic variables and CEWQ parameters to reduce stress on aquatic life. Nowadays, GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships. Nie, X.-Y. Measurement of the network connectivity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from the perspective of urban flow. More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the places they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. The Greeks, through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the people they met through the travel of the seas. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). Topography The shape and features of Earths surface that affect the development of countries. In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. Policy makers, and watershed and resource managers can take guidance from the developed empirical equations between the CEWQ and the above-mentioned factors for better water quality management of freshwater resources. Bevilacqua, C.; Sohrabi, P.; Hamdy, N. Spatializing Social Networking Analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition. Wang, H.-H.; Zhai, L.-J. The watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of the response of water quality to climate drivers. (5) The structure of JiuquanJiayuguanZhangye and JinchangWuwei subgroups is close. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. Nie, X.-Y. Geological records show that there have been a number of large variations in the Earth's climate. RIS. GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). There are several "regions" to Greece- Epirus to the northwest, Thessaly in the northeast, Central Greece in the center, and the Peloponnese, a hand-shaped protrusion, to the South. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without This may be a consequence of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [62, 68]. The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. The negative associations of GDP with P (P, DOC) and P (P, turbidity) may be due to conservative efforts at the catchment and buffer scales due to higher development in the region [60], or it may be a consequence of sedimentation of DOC to particulate organic matters, which reduces the DOC concentration in surface waters [61]. Jinchang has a weak foundation for the development of the tertiary industry. The Greeks utilized the seas around their land to great advantage. latitude,temperature,precipitation,topography,and elevation. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. SMLR outputs for CEWQ on various Koppen climatic classes (A and C) are listed in table S6. hydrological mobilization, solubility and decay. Certain ocean currents have differenet temperatures. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. Chai, D.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Y.; Yang, S.; Xiong, F. Research on the City Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin in China Based on Two-Way Time Distance Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis Method. Primary concentrations of human Wu, K.; Fang, C.-L.; Zhao, M.-X. Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, Liang, C.; Zeng, J. The mean slope and mean elevation of the sub-watershed are negatively and positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity), respectively. prior to publication. This site uses cookies. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. These energy inputs heat up the land surface, which may increase water temperature due to heat transfer via land runoff from the catchment (especially paved areas) to surface waters [39, 40]. It limited the population because agricultural output was so low. The impact of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality vary by watershed. Conceptualization, X.X. The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. The important geographical factors on the social and political development of Greece are the seas and mountains. The literature shows that steep slope and high elevation are concerned with the elevated rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies via land runoff [18, 19, 33]. The mountains also worked as barriers to separate different areas. The delineated sub-watersheds were used for data extraction, which will be used as explanatory variables in regression models. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. Large global datasets were used for 12 main water quality parameters from 43 water quality monitoring stations located at large major rivers. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. ; Gao, S.; Wang, Y.-Q. There are six major controls of the climate of an area. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. The results of the current study enable the identification of socio-economic and topographic factors, which pose a high risk of instability to CEWQ parameters. Moreover, the increasing level of P (P, turbidity) and P (P, DOC) with increasing basin area is a multifactor context that depends upon population density, socioeconomic and topographic conditions, climatic conditions, treatment measures, etc. Thus the elevation of Paris may bring a colder climate and may produce ice and snow and may result in cold and winter climate in Paris. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [1,2].As essential support for the unimpeded and revitalized Silk Road Economic Belt, the Hexi Corridor city The Hexi Corridor is connected with Qinghai in the south by the Qilian Mountains and Inner Mongolia in the north by the Beishan Mountain system. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. Latest answer posted November 18, 2019 at 4:26:56 AM. How does topography affect economic development? methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. Klages-Mundt, A.; Minca, A. Optimal intervention in economic networks using influence maximization methods. See further details. This may be due to several reasons: Firstly, it can be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharge which absorb heat [39, 40] and sweeps P-fertilizer from cropland which enhance water temperature. For The Spartans had hundreds of thousands of helots, slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. "How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development? Central Greece is surrounded by a lot of water, and the Peloponnese is mountainous and separated from the mainland by the Gulf of Corinth. Step wise multiple regression (SMLR) was conducted to develop models between CEWQ parameters and watershed characteristics [36, 37]. Who prepares topographical maps of india? The industrial functional complementarity index of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration is shown in. Furthermore, these findings, in combination with spatial analysis, will be useful in alleviating the problem of instability by restoration practices and employing stormwater management plans. Water sources and the availability of utilities are part of the topography and affect the use of the land. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. To summarize, this paper chooses the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration as the research area, which is at the forefront of the opening up of the Belt and Road and located in an economically underdeveloped region with an extremely important geographical location. By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie, Xiaoyi, and Peiji Shi. The mean elevation, mean slope, standard deviation of slope, basin area, mean human population density, mean N and P fertilizer, and mean N and P manure for each sub-watershed was extracted using a GIS spatial analyst tool [35]. A comprehensive report prepared by EPA's Office of Research and Development entitled Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Evidence (hereinafter, Science Report) in 2015 synthesized the peer-reviewed science. (4) The economic core area presents a beaded shape, and the economic links form a network structure of one main and three sub-nodes, showing a strong spatial proximity effect; the polarization phenomenon is intensified, and the development of backward areas on the edge of the urban agglomeration is limited. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. We found that precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors at a global scale. This is because geographical features include mountains, deserts, and water, which directly impact the movement of people and thus the movement of trade. How does geography affect business? - Geographical influences are one of the factors which have a great impact upon the businesses. Zhang, Y.-Q. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. This would explain the marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens. These have been caused by many natural factors, including changes in the sun, emissions from volcanoes, variations in Earth's orbit and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). The CONCOR algorithm in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the network. Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. Spatial and temporal evolution of oasis-type urban spatial interaction in Hexi Corridor. Thus, from a pedologic perspective, topography is important because it exerts a strong influence on the disposition of energy and matter experienced by soils on the landscape. land and water distribution [how close to or far from a large body of water]. The impacts of natural environment on water quality, e.g., climate and topography, have been less studied in comparison with land use and socio-economic factors. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. ; writingreview and editing, P.S. For more details on the CEWQ results refer to [28, 37]. Some studies also show that topographic complexity as represented by the standard deviation of slope may be a better predictor than the average slope [19, 20]. P-F and DOC are abundant in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate waterbodies. 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